Izici ze-Alkyl Polyglucosides

Ifana ne-polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers,i-alkyl polyglycosidesngokuvamile ama-surfactants obuchwepheshe. Akhiqizwa ngezindlela ezihlukene ze-Fischer synthesis futhi ahlanganisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezinamadigri ahlukene e-glycosidation aboniswa inani elisho n-nani. Lokhu kuchazwa njengesilinganiso sesamba senani le-molar le-glucose enanini le-molar lokukhuluphala kotshwala ku-alkyl polyglucoside, kucatshangelwa isilinganiso sesisindo samangqamuzana lapho kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yotshwala obunamafutha. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, iningi lama-alkyl polyglucosides abalulekile ekusetshenzisweni anenani elisho n elithi 1.1-1.7. Ngakho-ke, aqukethe i-alkyl monoglucosides kanye ne-alkyl diglucosides njengezingxenye eziyinhloko, kanye namanani amancane e-alkyl triglucosides, i-alkyl tetraglucosides, njll. kufika kuma-alkyl octaglucosides ngaphandle kwama-oligomers, amanani amancane (imvamisa engu-1-2%) wotshwala obunamafutha asetshenziswa i-polyglucose synthesis, nosawoti, ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye-catalysis (1.5-2.5%), ihlala ikhona. Izibalo zibalwa ngokuphathelene nendaba esebenzayo. Nakuba i-polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers noma amanye ama-ethoxylate amaningi angase achazwe ngokucacile ngokusatshalaliswa kwezisindo zamangqamuzana, incazelo eyisifaniso ayanele neze kuma-alkyl polyglucosides ngoba i-isomerism ehlukile iphumela ohlotsheni oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lwemikhiqizo. Umehluko emakilasini amabili e-surfactant uphumela ezimpahleni ezihluke kakhulu ezivela ekusebenzelaneni okuqinile kwama-headgroups namanzi futhi ngokwengxenye nomunye nomunye.

Iqembu le-ethoxylate le-polyoxyethylene alkyl ether lisebenzisana kakhulu namanzi, lenze izibopho ze-hydrogen phakathi kwe-ethylene umoya-mpilo nama-molecule wamanzi, yingakho akha amagobolondo e-micellar hydration lapho ukwakheka kwamanzi kukhulu (i-entropy ephansi ne-enthalpy) kunasemanzini amaningi. Isakhiwo se-hydration sinamandla kakhulu. Ngokuvamile phakathi kwama-molecule amanzi amabili kuya kwamathathu ahlotshaniswa neqembu ngalinye le-EO.

Uma kucatshangelwa ama-headgroup e-glucosyl anemisebenzi emithathu ye-OH ye-monoglucoside noma eyisikhombisa ye-diglucoside, ukuziphatha kwe-alkyl glucoside kulindeleke ukuthi kuhluke kakhulu kulokho kwama-alkyl ether e-polyoxyethylene. Ngaphandle kokusebenzelana okuqinile namanzi, kuphinde kube namandla phakathi kwamaqembu e-surfactant kuma-micelles nakwezinye izigaba. Nakuba i-polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers eqatha iyodwa inguketshezi noma okuqinile okuncibilika okuphansi, ama-alkyl polyglucosides ayizinto eziqinile ezincibilikayo ngenxa ye-intermolecular hydrogen bonding phakathi kwamaqembu angomakhelwane e-glucosyl. Zibonisa izici ezihlukile zekristalu ye-thermotropic liquid, njengoba kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi. Amabhondi e-hydrogen e-intermolecular phakathi kwama-headgroups nawo anesibopho sokuncibilika kwawo okuphansi ngokuqhathaniswa emanzini.

Ngokuqondene ne-glucose ngokwayo, ukusebenzisana kweqembu le-glucosyl nama-molecule amanzi azungezile kungenxa ye-hydrogen bonding eningi. Ku-glucose, ukuhlangana kwama-molecule wamanzi ahlelwe ngokwe-tetrahedally kuphezulu kunasemanzini kuphela. Ngakho-ke, i-glucose, futhi mhlawumbe nama-alkyl glucosides, ingahlukaniswa “njengomenzi wesakhiwo,” ukuziphatha okufana nekhwalithi yama-ethoxylates.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuziphatha kwe-ethoxylate micelle, i-interfacial dielectric constant esebenzayo ye-alkyl glucoside iphakeme kakhulu futhi ifana kakhulu neyamanzi kunaleyo ye-ethoxylate. Ngakho-ke, indawo ezungeze ama-headgroups ku-alkyl glucoside micelle ifana ne-aqueous-like.