Imboni yokwelapha ebusweni

  Ingaphezulu lemikhiqizo enamapuleti kufanele liphathwe kahle ngaphambi kokucwecwa. Ukukhipha amafutha kanye nokufaka izinqubo ezibalulekile, futhi ezinye izindawo zensimbi zidinga ukuhlanzwa kahle ngaphambi kokwelashwa. I-APG isetshenziswa kabanzi kule ndawo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-APG ekuhlanzeni nasekususeni amafutha ngaphambi nangemva kokumbozwa kwensimbi kanye ne-electroplating. Ama-surfactants engxenye eyodwa anensalela esobala ngemva kokuhlanza, engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokususwa kwegrisi yangaphambilini (isilinganiso sokuhlanza amabala kawoyela wokwenziwa ≥98%). Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwama-ejenti okuhlanza insimbi kudingeka kuhlanganiswe ne-Alkyl Polyglucoside. Umphumela ohlanzekile wokuhlanganisa nge-APG 0814 kanye ne-isomeric C13 polyoxyethylene ether ungaphezu kwalowo wokuhlanganiswa nge-AEO-9 ne-isomeric C13 polyoxyethylene ether. Abacwaningi ngochungechunge lokuhlolwa kwesikrini nokuhlolwa kwe-orthogonal. Kuhlanganiswe i-APG0814 ne-AEO-9, i-isomeric C13 polyoxyethylene ether, i-K12, futhi kwengezwe izisekelo ze-inorganic, abakhi, njll. thola i-powder degreasing engeyona i-phosphorus ye-eco-friendly, esetshenziswa ekwelashweni kokuhlanza indawo yensimbi. Ukusebenza kwayo okuphelele kuqhathaniswa ne-BH-11 (amandla okwehlisa i-phosphorus) emakethe. Abacwaningi bakhethe ama-surfactants ambalwa abolayo kakhulu, afana ne-APG, AES, AEO-9 kanye ne-tea saponin (TS), futhi bawahlanganisa ukuze akhe okokuhlanzeka kwamanzi okune-eco-friendly okwakusetshenziswa enqubweni yangaphambili yokuhlanganisa insimbi. Ucwaningo lukhombisa lokho I-APG C12~14/AEO-9 kanye ne-APG C8~10/AEO-9 inemiphumela ye-synergistic. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-APGC12~14/AEO-9, inani layo le-CMC lehliselwa ku-0.050 g/L, futhi ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-APG C8~10/AEO -9, inani layo le-CMC lehliselwa ku-0.025g/L. isilinganiso sesisindo esilinganayo se-AE0-9/APG C8~10 iwukwakheka okungcono kakhulu. Ngem(APG C8~10): m(AEO-9)=1:1, ukugxila kungu-3g/L, futhi kwengezwe uNa₂CO₃njengomsizi we-ejenti yokuhlanza insimbi ehlanganisiwe, izinga lokuhlanza lokungcoliswa kwamafutha okwenziwa lingafinyelela ku-98.6%. Abacwaningi baphinde bafunda amandla okuhlanza okwelapha okungaphezulu ku-45# steel kanye ne-HT300 grey cast iron, enephuzu eliguquguquke kakhulu kanye nezinga lokuhlanza le-APG0814,Peregal 0-10 kanye ne-polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether nonionic surfactants kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuhlanza lama-anionic surfactants AOS.

izinga lokuhlanza lengxenye eyodwa ye-APG0814 liseduze ne-AOS, liphakeme kancane kunePeregal 0-10; i-CMC yalezi ezimbili zangaphambili ingaphansi ngo-5g/L kuneyakamuva. Ihlanganiswe nezinhlobo ezine zama-surfactants futhi ingezwe ngama-rust inhibitors nezinye izithasiselo ukuze uthole i-ejenti yokuhlanza amabala okushisa esekelwe emanzini egumbi lokushisa elisezingeni eliphezulu elinobungane, enokuhlanza okungaphezu kuka-90%. Ngochungechunge lwezivivinyo ze-orthogonal kanye nokuhlolwa okunemibandela, abacwaningi bafunde umphumela wama-surfactants amaningana emphumeleni wokunciphisa. I-oda elibalulekile lithi K12>APG>JFC>AE0-9, i-APG ingcono kune-AEO-9, futhi thola ifomula engcono kakhulu ngu-K12 6%, AEO-9 2.5%, APG 2.5%, JFC 1%, ehambisana nezinye izithasiselo. Izinga lokususwa kukawoyela kwamabala kawoyela ezindaweni zensimbi lingaphezu kuka-99%, lilungele imvelo futhi liyabola. Abacwaningi bakhetha i-sodium lignosulfonate ene-detergency enamandla kanye ne-biodegradability enhle ukuze ixube ne-APGC8-10 ne-AEO-9, futhi i-synergy yinhle.

I-ejenti yokuhlanza i-aluminium alloy. Abacwaningi benze i-ejenti yokuhlanza engathathi hlangothi yama-alloys e-aluminium-zinc, ehlanganisa i-APG ne-ethoxy-propyloxy, i-C8~C10 fatty alcohol, i-fatty methyloxylate (CFMEE) ne-NPE 3% ~ 5% notshwala, izithasiselo, njll. Inemisebenzi i-emulsification, ukuhlakazeka kanye nokungena, ukwehlisa nokukhipha amafutha ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlanzwa okungathathi hlangothi, akukho ukugqwala noma ukuguquguquka kwe-aluminium, i-zinc kanye ne-alloy. I-ejenti yokuhlanza i-magnesium aluminium alloy nayo yenziwe. Ucwaningo lwayo lubonisa ukuthi i-isomeri ye-alcohol ether kanye ne-APG inomphumela we-synergistic, yenza ungqimba oluxubile lwe-monomolecular adsorption futhi yakhe ama-micelles axubile ngaphakathi kwesixazululo, okuthuthukisa ikhono lokubopha le-surfactant kanye nebala likawoyela, ngalokhu kuthuthukisa ikhono lokuhlanza i-ejenti yokuhlanza. Ngokungezwa kwe-APG, ukungezwani kwendawo yohlelo kuncipha kancane kancane. Uma inani elingeziwe le-alkyl glycoside lidlula u-5%, ukushuba kwesimo sohlelo akushintshi kakhulu, kanti inani elingeziwe le-alkyl glycoside lingcono kakhulu libe ngu-5%. Ifomula ejwayelekile yile: i-ethanolamine 10%, i-Iso-tridecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 8%, APG08105%, potassium pyrophosphate 5%; Tetrasodium hydroxy ethyldiphosphonate 5%, sodium molybdate 3%, propylene glycol methyl ether 7%, amanzi 57%,i-ejenti yokuhlanza ine-alkaline ebuthakathaka, inomphumela omuhle wokuhlanza, ukugqwala okuphansi kwe-magnesium aluminium alloy, ukubola kwe-biodegradation kalula, kanye nemvelo enobungani. Uma ezinye izingxenye zihlala zingashintshile, i-engeli yokuthinta ye-alloy surface ikhuphuka isuka ku-61° iye ku-91° ngemva kokuthi i-isotridecanol polyoxyethylene ether ithathelwe indawo yi-APG0810, okubonisa ukuthi umphumela wokuhlanza we-APG0810 ungcono kunowangaphambili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-APG inezakhiwo ezingcono zokuvimbela ukugqwala kwama-alloys e-aluminium. Iqembu le-hydroxyl esakhiweni samangqamuzana e-APG lisabela kalula ne-aluminium ukuze libangele ukukhangiswa kwamakhemikhali. Abacwaningi baye bahlola imiphumela yokuvimbela ukugqwala kwama-surfactants amaningana avame ukusetshenziswa kuma-alloys e-aluminium. Ngaphansi kwesimo se-acidic se-pH=2, umthelela wokuvimbela ukugqwala we-APG (C12~14) kanye no-6501 ungcono. I-oda layo le-corrosion inhibition effect i-APG>6501>AEO-9>LAS>AES, phakathi kwayo i-APG, 6501 engcono kakhulu.

Inani lokugqwala kwe-APG ebusweni be-aluminium alloy lingu-0.25 mg kuphela, kodwa ezinye izixazululo ezintathu ze-surfactant 6501, AEO-9 ne-LAS cishe zi-1~1.3 mg. ngaphansi kwesimo se-alkaline se-Ph=9, umphumela wokuvimbela ukugqwala we-APG no-6501 ungcono. Ngaphandle kwesimo se-alkaline, i-APG iveza isici somphumela wokuhlushwa.

Kusixazululo se-NaOH esingu-0.1mol/L, umphumela wokuvimbela ukugqwala uzokwanda isinyathelo ngesinyathelo esihambisana nokwanda kokugxilisa kwe-APG kuze kufike phezulu (1.2g/L), bese kuthi ngokwanda kokugxila, umphumela wokugqwala. ukuvinjelwa kuzobuyela emuva.

Ezinye, njengensimbi engagqwali, ukuhlanza ucwecwe. Abacwaningi benza into yokuhlanza insimbi engagqwali. Yakhiwa 30% ~ 50% cyclodextrin, 10% ~ 20% organic acid kanye 10% ~ 20% surfactant esiyinhlanganisela. I-surfactant eyinhlanganisela ebalulwe i-APG, i-sodium oleate,6501(1:1:1), enomphumela ongcono wokuhlanza i-oxide. Inamandla okushintsha i-ejenti yokuhlanza ungqimba lwensimbi engagqwali okuyi-asidi ye-inorganic okwamanje.

I-ejenti yokuhlanza yokuhlanza i-foil surface nayo yenziwe, eyakhiwe i-APG ne-K12, i-sodium oleate, i-hydrochloric acid, i-ferric chloride, i-ethanol namanzi ahlanzekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungezwa kwe-APG kunciphisa ukungezwani okungaphezulu kwe-foil, okusiza ukuthi isisombululo sisakaze kangcono ebusweni be-foil futhi sikhuthaze ukukhishwa kwesendlalelo se-oxide; ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-APG ingenza igwebu ebusweni besixazululo, okunciphisa kakhulu inkungu ye-asidi. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala ku-opharetha kanye nomthelela ogqwalayo ezintweni zokusebenza, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-intermolecular chemical adsorption ingakhangisa umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni ezithile ezingaphezulu kwe-foil yama-molecule amancane ukuze kwakheke izimo ezingcono kakhulu zenqubo ye-adhesive enamathelayo ephilayo elandelayo.