ISINGENISO SE-ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDE

I-Alkyl glucosides iqukethe insalela ye-alkyl ye-hydrophobic etholakala otshwaleni obunamafutha kanye nesakhiwo se-hydrophilic saccharide etholakala ku-D-glucose, exhunywe ngesibopho se-glycosidic. Ama-alkyl glucosides akhombisa izinsalela ze-alkyl ezinama-athomu angaba ngu-C6-C18, njengoba kwenza ama-surfactants amaningi avela kwezinye izigaba zezinto, isibonelo ama-alkyl polyglycol ether aziwa kakhulu. Isici esivelele i-hydrophilic headgroup, eyakhiwe izakhiwo ze-saccharide ezineyunithi eyodwa ye-D-glucose exhunywe nge-glycosidically inter-linked. Ngaphakathi kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, amayunithi e-D-glucose atholakala kuma-carbohydrate, atholakala kabanzi kuyo yonke imvelo ngesimo sikashukela noma i-oligo nama-polysaccharides. Kungakho amayunithi e-D-glucose eyisinqumo esisobala seqembu le-hydrophilic labasebenza ngaphandle, ngoba ama-carbohydrate cishe awapheli, avuselelekayo. Ama-alkyl glucosides angamelwa ngendlela eyenziwe lula nejwayelekile ngefomula yawo ye-empirical.

Ukwakheka kwamayunithi e-D-glucose kukhombisa ama-athomu e-carbon ayi-6. Inani lamayunithi e-D-glucose ku-alkyl polyglucosides ngu-n=1 ku-alkyl monoglucosides, n=2 ku-alkyl diglucosides, n=3 ku-alkyl triglucosides, njalonjalo. Ezincwadini, izingxube ze-alkyl glucosides ezinezinombolo ezihlukene zamayunithi e-D-glucose zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-alkyl oligoglucosides noma i-alkyl polyglucosides. Nakuba igama elithi “alkyl oligoglucoside” linembe ngokuphelele kulo mongo, igama elithi “alkyl polyglucoside” livamise ukudukisa, njengoba ama-alkyl polyglucosides enziwayo awavamile ukuqukatha amayunithi e-D-glucose angaphezu kwamahlanu futhi ngenxa yalokho awawona ama-polymers. Kumafomula e-alkyl polyglucosides, n isho isilinganiso senani lamayunithi e-D-glucose, okungukuthi, idigri ye-polymerization n evamise ukuba phakathi kuka-1 no-5. Ubude be-Chain of the hydrophobic alkyl residues ngokuvamile buphakathi kuka-X=6 no-X= 8 ama-athomu e-carbon.

Indlela ama-alkyl glucosides akhiqizwa ngayo, ikakhulukazi ukukhethwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, inika amandla ukuhlukahluka okubanzi kwemikhiqizo yokugcina, okungenzeka kube ama-alkyl glucosides ahlanzekile ngamakhemikhali noma izingxube ze-alkyl glucoside. Kwangaphambili, imithetho evamile ye-nomenclature esetshenziswe kumakhemikhali we-carbohydrate isetshenziswa kulo mbhalo. Izingxube ze-alkyl glucoside ezivame ukusetshenziswa njengama-surfactants ezobuchwepheshe ngokuvamile zinikezwa amagama amancane njengokuthi “alkyl polyglucosides,” noma “APGs.” Izincazelo zinikezwa embhalweni lapho kunesidingo.

Ifomula ye-empirical ayivezi i-stereochemistry eyinkimbinkimbi nokusebenza kwe-polyfunction yama-alkyl glucosides. Izinsalela ze-alkyl ezinochungechunge olude zingase zibe namathambo ekhabhoni alayini noma anegatsha, nakuba izinsalela ze-alkyl ezinomugqa zivame ukuthandwa. Uma sikhuluma ngekhemikhali, wonke amayunithi e-D-glucose angama-polyhydroxyacetals, avame ukuhluka ekwakhekeni kwawo kwendandatho (okutholakala ku-furan enamalungu amahlanu noma izindandatho zepyran ezinamalungu ayisithupha) kanye nasekucushweni kwe-anomeric kwesakhiwo se-acetal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinketho ezahlukahlukene zohlobo lwamabhondi e-glycosidic phakathi kwamayunithi we-D-glucose we-alkyl oligosaccharides. Ikakhulukazi kunsalela ye-saccharide ye-alkyl polyglucosides, lokhu kuhlukahluka okungenzeka kuholela ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene, okuyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza ukuqokwa kwalezi zinto kube nzima.