2.2 Utshwala obunamafutha kanye ne-alkoxylate sulfate yakhona
I-alcohol enamafutha kanye ne-alkoxylate sulfate iyisigaba se-sulfate ester surfactants elungiselelwe ukusabela kwe-sulfation yeqembu le-alcohol hydroxyl ne-sulfur trioxide. Imikhiqizo ejwayelekile i-fatty alcohol sulfate kanye ne-fatty alcohol polyoxygen I-Vinyl ether sulfate kanye ne-fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, njll.

2.2.1 I-sulfate yotshwala obunamafutha
I-Fatty Alcohol Sulfate (AS) iwuhlobo lomkhiqizo otholakala ku-fatty alcohol ngokusebenzisa i-SO3 sulfation kanye ne-neutralization reaction. Utshwala obunamafutha obusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-coco C12-14. Umkhiqizo uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-K12. Izinto eziyinhloko ezisebenzayo emakethe yimikhiqizo engu-28 %~30% ye-liquid futhi izinto ezisebenzayo zingaphezu kuka-90% wemikhiqizo yempushana. Njenge-anionic surfactant esebenza kahle kakhulu, i-K12 inezinhlelo zokusebenza ku-toothpaste, okokuhlanza, izinto zokwakha ze-gypsum kanye ne-biomedicine.

2.2.2 Utshwala obunamafutha i-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate
I-fatty alcohol i-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) iwuhlobo lwe-surfactant etholakala ku-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (i-EO ngokuvamile i-1~3) ngokusebenzisa i-SO3 sulfation kanye ne-neutralization. Njengamanje, umkhiqizo emakethe yasekhaya unezinhlobo ezimbili: i-paste enokuqukethwe okungaba ngu-70% kanye noketshezi oluqukethe cishe ama-28%.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-AS, ukwethulwa kweqembu le-EO ku-molecule kwenza i-AES ibe ngcono kakhulu mayelana nokumelana namanzi aqinile nokucasuka. I-AES inokungcola okuhle, i-emulsification, ukumanzisa nokukhihliza amagwebu, futhi ibola kalula. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekugezeni kwasendlini nasekunakekelweni komuntu siqu. Usawoti we-AES ammonium unokucasuka kwesikhumba, futhi usetshenziswa kakhulu kwamanye ama-shampoos aphezulu kanye nokugeza umzimba.

2.2.3 Utshwala obunamafutha i-polyoxypropylene i-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate
I-fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Extended acid salt surfactant, iwuhlobo lwe-surfactant olufundwe phesheya iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. I-surfactant enwetshiwe isho uhlobo lwe-surfactant ethula amaqembu e-PO noma e-PO-EO phakathi kochungechunge lomsila we-hydrophobic kanye neqembu lekhanda le-hydrophilic le-surfactant ye-ionic. Umqondo othi "Okunwetshiwe" wahlongozwa nguDkt. Salager waseVenezuela ngo-1995. Ihlose ukunweba uchungechunge lwe-hydrophobic lwama-surfactants, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenzisana kwama-surfactants ngamafutha namanzi. Lolu hlobo lwe-surfactant lunezici ezilandelayo: ikhono eliqine kakhulu le-solubilization, ukungezwani kobuso obuphansi obunamafutha ahlukahlukene (<10-2mn>