I-ALKYL MONOGLUCOSIDES

I-Alkyl monoglucosides iqukethe iyunithi eyodwa ye-D-glucose. Izakhiwo zendandatho zijwayelekile kumayunithi we-D-glucose. Zombili izindandatho ezingamalungu amahlanu nayisithupha ahlanganisa i-athomu eyodwa ye-oxygen njengoba i-heteroatom ihlobene ne-furan noma amasistimu we-pyran. Ngakho-ke ama-Alkyl D-glucosides anezindandatho zamalungu amahlanu abizwa ngokuthi i-alkyl d-glucofuranosides, kanti lawo anendandatho enamalungu ayisithupha, i-alkyl D-glucopyranosides.

Wonke amayunithi e-D-glucose abonisa ukusebenza kwe-acetal okuwukuphela kwe-athomu yekhabhoni exhunywe kuma-athomu amabili omoya-mpilo. Lokhu kubizwa nge-anomeric carbon athomu noma isikhungo se-anomeric. Isibopho esibizwa nge-glycosidic nensalela ye-alkyl, kanye nesibopho ne-athomu ye-oksijini yendandatho ye-saccharide, ivela ku-athomu ye-anomeric carbon. Ukuze uthole ukuma kwe-carbon chain, ama-athomu ekhabhoni amayunithi e-D-glucose abalwa ngokuqhubekayo (C-1 kuya ku-C-6) kuqala nge-athomu ye-anomeric ye-carbon. Ama-athomu omoya-mpilo abalwa ngokwendawo yawo ochungechungeni (O-1 kuya ku-O-6). I-athomu yekhabhoni ye-anomeric ithathelwa indawo ngokulinganayo futhi ingathatha ukucushwa okubili okuhlukene. Ama-stereoisomers aphumayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-anomers futhi ahlukaniswa ngesiqalo u-α noma u-β. Ngokwezimiso ze-nomenclature ama-anomers abonisa ukuthi okukodwa kokubili okungenzeka ibhondi ye-glycosidic ikhomba kwesokudla kumafomula wokuqagela we-Fischer we-glucosides. Impela okuphambene kuyiqiniso ngama-anomers.

Ku-nomenclature ye-carbohydrate chemistry, igama le-alkyl monoglucoside lakhiwa ngale ndlela: Ukuqokwa kwezinsalela ze-alkyl, ukuqokwa kokucushwa kwe-anomeric, uhlamvu "D-gluc," ukuqokwa kwefomu le-cyclic, kanye nokwengezwa kwesiphetho " ngaphandle.” Njengoba ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuma-saccharides ngokuvamile kwenzeka ku-athomu ye-anomeric ye-carbon noma ama-athomu omoya-mpilo weqembu le-hydroxyl eyinhloko noma yesibili, ukumiswa kwama-athomu e-asymmetrical carbon akuvamile ukushintsha, ngaphandle kwasesikhungweni se-anomeric. Kulokhu, i-nomenclature ye-alkyl glucosides iyasebenza kakhulu, njengoba uhlamvu “D-gluc” lwe-saccharide yomzali D-glucose luyagcinwa lapho kwenzeka izinhlobo eziningi zokusabela ezivamile futhi ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kungachazwa ngezijobelelo.

Nakuba ukuhlelwa kwegama le-saccharide kungathuthukiswa kangcono ngokuvumelana namafomula okuqagela kwe-Fischer, amafomula e-Haworth anokumelwa okujikelezayo kweketango lekhabhoni ngokuvamile akhethwa njengamafomula esakhiwo sama-saccharides. Ukuqagela kwe-Haworth kunikeza umbono ongcono wendawo wesakhiwo samangqamuzana eyunithi ye-D-glucose futhi ayakhethwa kulesi sihloko. Kumafomula we-Haworth, ama-athomu e-hydrogen axhunywe nendandatho ye-saccharide ngokuvamile awavezwa.